Recent Advances in Autotrophic Biological Nitrogen Removal for Low Carbon Wastewater: A Review

Due to carbon source dependence, conventional biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes based on heterotrophic denitrification are suffering from great bottlenecks. The autotrophic BNR process represented by sulfur-driven (SDAD) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) provides a viable alternative for addressing low wastewater. Whether municipal wastewater or industrial with high nitrogen, the SDAD anammox can be suitably positioned accordingly. Herein, recent advances challenges guided systematically reviewed. Specifically, present applications crucial operation factors were discussed in detail. Besides, microscopic interpretation of was deepened viewpoint functional microbial species their physiological characteristics. Furthermore, current limitations some future research priorities over identified multiple perspectives. obtained knowledge would provide insights into application optimization process, which will contribute establishment new generation efficient energy-saving systems.